NEW YORK, Oct 26: Parents often turn to screens to entertain their children, but a new study reveals potential negative effects on child development. Dr. Karen Heffler, an associate professor of Psychiatry at Drexel University, has been investigating how screen time impacts young children.

Her recent research suggests that babies and toddlers who spend significant time in front of screens may exhibit atypical sensory behaviors. By the time these children reach 33 months, those exposed to screens before age two show signs of “sensation seeking,” “sensation avoiding,” and “low registration,” indicating they may be less responsive or slower to react to sensory stimuli.

"This association could have important implications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, as atypical sensory processing is much more prevalent in these populations," Dr. Heffler explained.

The study utilized data from the National Children’s Study, conducted between 2011 and 2014, analyzing responses from 1,471 children across the country regarding their screen time at 12, 18, and 24 months, based on caregiver reports.

Atypical sensory behaviors occur when individuals perceive their senses—such as sight, sound, touch, taste, or smell—in different ways. Children might react to loud noises as overwhelmingly loud or find certain textures unbearable, while others may seek out strong sensations, such as tight hugs or the urge to touch everything.

The study’s findings are significant:

At 18 months, each additional hour of daily screen time increased the odds of high sensory behaviors related to sensation avoidance and low registration by 23%.

By 24 months, every additional hour of screen time was correlated with a 20% increase in high sensation-seeking, sensory sensitivity, and sensation-avoiding behaviors at 33 months.

Dr. Heffler noted that repetitive behaviors, commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder, are often linked to atypical sensory processing. "Future work may determine whether early life screen time could fuel the sensory brain hyperconnectivity seen in autism spectrum disorders, such as heightened brain responses to sensory stimulation," she stated.

These findings contribute to growing concerns regarding the role of screen time in developmental challenges, including language delays, behavioral issues, sleep disturbances, attention difficulties, and delays in problem-solving skills.

"Considering the connection between high screen time and a range of developmental and behavioral problems, it may be beneficial for toddlers showing these symptoms to reduce screen time and engage in sensory processing practices guided by occupational therapists," advised Dr. Heffler.

David Bennett, PhD, a professor of Psychiatry, emphasized the need for parental guidance: "Parent training and education are essential to minimizing, or ideally avoiding, screen time for children younger than two years."

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children under 18 to 24 months avoid screen time altogether, while children aged 2 to 5 should have their digital media use limited and carefully monitored.

Despite these guidelines, young children are spending more time on screens than ever. In 2014, children under two years old in the U.S. averaged 3 hours and 3 minutes of screen time daily, a significant increase from 1 hour and 19 minutes in 1997. Many parents resort to screens out of exhaustion or a lack of affordable alternatives for keeping their children entertained, a common challenge in today’s fast-paced society.

Atypical sensory behaviors can have a profound impact on a child’s daily life, influencing their learning and social interactions. Recognizing and accommodating these needs is crucial.

Supporting children with sensory differences involves understanding their unique experiences and making adjustments to their environment. Simple changes, such as dimming bright lights or creating quiet spaces, can significantly improve their comfort levels.

Collaborating with professionals like occupational therapists provides tools and strategies to help these children navigate their environments confidently. Occupational therapists often utilize techniques like sensory integration therapy, which may include creating sensory-friendly spaces or using noise-canceling headphones.

In conclusion, the connection between early screen time and sensory processing issues is complex and still being explored. Parents and caregivers must remain mindful of screen use and stay informed to positively impact their children's development.

Engaging in alternative activities—such as reading together, playing outside, or imaginative play—can provide enriching experiences that foster healthy development.

Have you noticed how screen time affects your little one? Share your thoughts and experiences to help other parents navigate this important topic.