KUWAIT CITY, Oct 14: World Health Organization (WHO) data reveal that around 23% of adults globally experience varicose veins, with 10-15% enduring severe symptoms that can impair their quality of life. In professions and societies where prolonged standing is common, these figures are notably higher. The American Society of Vascular Surgery advises individuals with varicose veins to pursue early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent complications.

Individuals in jobs that demand extended periods of standing, such as teachers, chefs, and vendors, often face continuous discomfort. These roles require long hours of standing or sitting each day, increasing their vulnerability to developing varicose veins.

In an interview with Al Qabas, Dr. Ahmed Al Harbi, Head of the Vascular Laboratory Department at the International Hospital, detailed the diagnostic approaches for minor varicose veins in vascular laboratories, outlined the symptoms, described various treatment options, and offered key preventive advice.

Understanding varicose veins

Dr. Al-Harbi defined varicose veins as a condition where the superficial veins in the legs become swollen, inflamed, or twisted.

“Varicose veins arise when the valves within the veins fail to close properly, causing blood to flow backward instead of moving efficiently toward the heart,” he explained. This malfunction leads to blood pooling in the veins, resulting in their swelling and the onset of uncomfortable symptoms.

Key symptoms

According to Dr. Al-Harbi, the symptoms of varicose veins can differ among individuals, but common indicators include:

Swelling in the legs and ankles

A sensation of heaviness or pain in the legs, particularly after prolonged standing

Itching around the affected areas

Visible, twisted veins beneath the skin

Leg cramps during the night

Initially, these symptoms might appear mild, but they can progressively worsen, significantly impacting daily life, especially for those in professions that require long periods of standing, such as teaching.

Vascular laboratories

Dr. Al-Harbi emphasized the importance of conducting a Duplex Ultrasound examination in specialized vascular laboratories for an accurate diagnosis of varicose veins.

He noted that this diagnostic tool is the most precise for evaluating the condition of the veins and assessing blood flow. The ultrasound identifies areas with weakened valves and pinpoints the affected veins, enabling the creation of a tailored treatment plan for each patient.

Referencing the American Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) guidelines, he stated: “Accurate diagnosis using Doppler techniques is the foundational step in treating varicose veins. Without precise diagnosis, treatments may be ineffective or could exacerbate the condition.”

Treatment options

Medication therapy

In the early stages of varicose veins, certain medications can alleviate symptoms and enhance blood flow. Doctors might prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce swelling and pain, alongside medications that improve blood circulation and strengthen vein walls. However, Dr. Al-Harbi noted that medications manage symptoms rather than provide a permanent solution.

Surgical interventions

For advanced cases, surgery may be the most effective treatment. Surgical options include:

Vein stripping: A procedure where the affected veins are surgically removed.

Endovenous laser treatment (EVLT): A minimally invasive treatment that uses laser energy to destroy damaged veins.

Sclerotherapy: A popular cosmetic procedure involving the injection of a special solution into the affected vein, causing it to gradually fade. This method is effective for small to medium-sized veins.

Consequences of Ignoring Varicose Veins

Dr. Al-Harbi highlighted that while varicose veins might seem like a cosmetic issue, neglecting them can lead to serious health complications, such as:

Leg ulcers: Blood pooling can result in painful ulcers, particularly around the ankles.

Superficial phlebitis: Accumulated blood in affected veins can cause inflammation, leading to swelling, redness, and intense pain.

Venous thromboembolism: Ignoring varicose veins may result in blood clots forming in deep veins, a potentially dangerous condition that can cause blockages in the pulmonary arteries, though this is rare.

Preventive measures

Preventing varicose veins is crucial, especially for individuals who spend long hours standing, like teachers. Dr. Al-Harbi provided several tips to mitigate the risk of developing varicose veins:

Regularly change positions: Alternate between sitting, standing, and walking to promote blood flow.

Wear Compression Stockings: These help enhance blood circulation and reduce the likelihood of varicose veins forming.

Exercise: Strengthening leg muscles through activities such as walking or swimming can lower blood pressure in superficial veins.

Elevate legs frequently: Raising legs above heart level helps decrease venous pressure.

Maintain a healthy weight: Excess body weight increases pressure on leg veins, so maintaining a healthy weight can prevent varicose veins.

Specific recommendations for teachers

Given the nature of their work, which involves prolonged standing, Dr. Al-Harbi advised teachers to be vigilant about the signs and symptoms of varicose veins and to seek early diagnosis from specialized vascular laboratories. He emphasized the importance of adhering to the preventive measures mentioned above to reduce the risk of developing varicose veins. Additionally, seeking appropriate treatment when symptoms arise can enhance their quality of life and overall health.

“We must understand that varicose veins are not merely a cosmetic concern but a medical condition that can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Diagnosing varicose veins in vascular laboratories is the first step toward effective treatment,” Dr. Al-Harbi concluded.