NEW YORK, Nov 17: November is Lung Cancer Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about the second most common cancer in the United States. You might think you already know the facts—if you don’t smoke and avoid second-hand smoke, you’re in the clear, right? Not necessarily.

While smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, experts explain that there are other factors that can unknowingly increase your risk. They also highlight the importance of recognizing the early signs of lung cancer so that individuals can seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early treatment is critical, as it significantly improves the chances of recovery.

Dr. Yelena Patsiornik, MD, a hematologist and medical oncologist at White Plains Hospital’s Center for Cancer Care, explains that lung cancer is tricky because it often doesn’t show symptoms until it’s in an advanced stage. However, she notes that some people do experience early signs, the most common of which is a persistent cough that doesn’t go away or gets worse over time.

Dr. Amy Cummings, MD, PhD., a thoracic oncologist at the UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, agrees that a persistent or worsening cough is an early warning sign of lung cancer. Both oncologists also mention other symptoms, including coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum (mucus), hoarseness, fatigue, recurrent lung infections (such as bronchitis or pneumonia), unexplained weight loss, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain that worsens with deep breaths or laughter.

“Many of these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, but if they persist or worsen over six weeks, it’s important to make an appointment with your doctor for evaluation,” advises Dr. Cummings.

Recognizing early symptoms of lung cancer is crucial because early detection greatly improves the likelihood of successful treatment. Dr. Patsiornik emphasizes that lung cancer in its early stages is highly treatable. She adds that the stage at which cancer is diagnosed plays a significant role in treatment, along with factors such as the location of the cancer in the lungs, the type of cells involved, and any underlying health conditions.

Unfortunately, lung cancer often shows no symptoms until it has reached an advanced stage. For this reason, Dr. Patsiornik recommends annual lung cancer screenings for individuals aged 50 to 80 who either currently smoke or have quit within the last 15 years.

While smoking remains the leading cause of lung cancer, accounting for an estimated 90% of cases, there are other risk factors to consider. “There has been a rise in lung cancer cases among people who don’t have a history of exposure to traditional risk factors,” explains Dr. Cummings. She believes this is due to a variety of factors, including prolonged exposure to indoor cooking, second-hand smoke, a family history of lung cancer, and pre-existing lung diseases. Dr. Patsiornik adds that exposure to asbestos, radon, and wood smoke also increases the risk.

To lower the risk of lung cancer, Dr. Patsiornik suggests testing for radon, a radioactive gas that can accumulate in homes and cause lung cancer. “If you live in an area with high radon levels, test your home and take steps to reduce it if necessary,” she says.

It’s also important for workplaces to adhere to safety regulations to limit exposure to cancer-causing chemicals. “If your workplace involves hazardous chemicals, be sure to wear protective gear and minimize exposure,” advises Dr. Patsiornik. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy diet can also help reduce the risk of lung cancer.

There are many steps you can take to lower your risk of lung cancer. If you have concerns about your personal risk or need assistance with smoking cessation, speak with your doctor. That conversation could be a lifesaver.