LONDON, Sept 18: Thousands of lives worldwide could be saved following a groundbreaking discovery by NHS scientists. A new blood group, named MAL, has been identified by a research team at NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) in South Gloucestershire, resolving a long-standing mystery that has persisted for 50 years.

The team uncovered the genetic basis for the previously known AnWj blood group antigen, which was first identified in 1972 but remained unclear until now. This breakthrough came after the development of a world-first test designed to identify this antigen.

Louise Tilley, a senior research scientist at NHSBT who has dedicated 20 years to this project, stated that the discovery will significantly enhance care for patients with rare blood types. While it is challenging to estimate the exact number of beneficiaries, NHSBT is currently the last resort for about 400 patients globally each year.

Blood types are determined by antigens present on the surface of red blood cells, but some individuals may lack these proteins. The new test, developed by NHSBT’s International Blood Group Reference Laboratory in Filton, can now identify patients missing the MAL antigen for the first time. This innovation could be a lifesaver for patients who would otherwise react negatively to blood transfusions and will aid in locating potential donors for this rare blood type.

Philip Brown, a laboratory staff member who underwent blood transfusions and a bone marrow transplant due to leukemia two decades ago, praised the development. "Anything we can do to make our blood much safer and a better match for patients is a definite step in the right direction," Brown said.

Nicole Thornton, head of the laboratory, described resolving the genetic basis for AnWj as one of the team’s most challenging projects. She highlighted the extensive work required to confirm that a gene encodes a blood group antigen and expressed the team’s dedication to making discoveries for the benefit of rare patients globally.

Thornton noted that with this new test, genotyping can now identify both AnWj-negative patients and donors, and these tests can be integrated into existing genotyping platforms.

Health reporter Matthew Hill emphasized the international significance of NHSBT’s work, noting their role in developing this pioneering test and providing essential antibodies for global research. He explained that NHSBT often assists other countries by resolving challenging cases and contributing to the discovery of new blood group systems.

Thornton added that the laboratory is working on new projects that may lead to the identification of additional antigens and blood group systems, further advancing the field of blood research.