NEW YORK, Feb 12: A small number of patients using GLP-1 weight loss medications have experienced vision loss, although researchers have not yet established a direct link between the drugs and these issues. A recent study published in JAMA Ophthalmology focused on two commonly prescribed medications: semaglutide, marketed under the brand names Wegovy and Ozempic, and tirzepatide, sold as Mounjaro and Zepbound. These medications, initially used to treat diabetes, have gained significant popularity due to their effectiveness in promoting weight loss.

The study investigated nine patients who reported vision problems while using these drugs, adding to the growing body of research documenting vision-related side effects among users of GLP-1 medications. Several of these patients were diagnosed with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a condition affecting the small blood vessels in the optic nerve. This condition occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the nerve, leading to sudden partial vision loss, often with permanent damage.

The study examined the cases of nine patients seen by neuro-ophthalmologists. Seven of these individuals exhibited NAION-like symptoms, while the remaining two had different conditions: one suffered from papillitis, an inflammation of the optic nerve, and the other from paracentral acute middle maculopathy, which causes a blind spot in vision. All the patients involved were in their 50s and 60s and had diabetes or obesity, along with cardiovascular conditions—factors that are known to contribute to vision issues on their own.

Despite these findings, researchers caution against discontinuing the medications without medical guidance. They emphasize that these medications are not the only options for managing diabetes and weight loss, and doctors should be aware of the potential risks while exploring alternative treatments when necessary.

The authors also noted that other drug classes, including medications for erectile dysfunction and anti-arrhythmic drugs, have been linked to NAION. In some cases, such findings have prompted changes to drug labeling.

While vision problems associated with weight loss medications remain rare, the widespread use of these drugs raises concerns. A 2024 study found that 12 percent of the U.S. population has used one of these medications, and 6 percent are currently taking them. As the popularity of GLP-1 medications continues to grow, researchers urge caution and further investigation into their long-term effects on vision.