NEW YORK, Dec 29: Whether it’s the chili cheese dog you devoured at a tailgate, a large meal you ate too quickly, or pregnancy-related discomfort, heartburn — that burning sensation in your chest — is all too familiar. It’s not only unpleasant but also common. According to the American College of Gastroenterology, nearly everyone will experience heartburn at some point, especially after a heavy meal. Heartburn is also a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which affects about 20% of Americans.

Although heartburn is widespread, many people still struggle to understand its causes, symptoms, and how to treat it effectively. (And despite its name, heartburn is not related to the heart, but rather a digestive issue caused by rising stomach acid.)

Some gastroenterologists clarify the facts about heartburn. Here are some common misconceptions:

Myth 1: Heartburn and acid reflux are the same thing

While heartburn can be a symptom of acid reflux, the two are not the same. Dr. Joseph Jennings of MedStar Health explains that reflux can occur without the classic chest discomfort associated with heartburn. He adds that acid reflux may cause additional symptoms like coughing, difficulty swallowing, and chronic throat clearing. Not all heartburn originates from the gastrointestinal tract.

Myth 2: Diet choices are the only cause of heartburn

Many people are advised to avoid certain foods, such as caffeine, chocolate, spicy dishes, and citrus, to prevent heartburn. However, Dr. Michael Schopis of Manhattan Gastroenterology in New York points out that how you eat is just as important as what you eat. Not everyone has the same triggers, so cutting out common culprits may not address the real cause. Additionally, taking time to chew food thoroughly and eat slowly can help, as it stimulates saliva and digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food and reduce stomach acid production, a key factor in reflux.

Myth 3: Milk is a quick cure for heartburn

While milk offers health benefits, such as strengthening bones, it’s not a remedy for heartburn. Milk doesn't coat the stomach or protect it from acid, and some dairy products, especially full-fat milk, can trigger more acid production. Dr. Jennings notes that for people with lactose intolerance or other dairy sensitivities, milk could worsen symptoms. Though low-fat or nonfat milk might have a temporary neutralizing effect on stomach acid, it varies from person to person.

Myth 4: Heartburn during pregnancy means you're having a hairy baby

This old wives' tale suggests that heartburn during pregnancy indicates a baby with a lot of hair. While a small study in 2006 made this association, there’s little scientific evidence to support it. Dr. Jennings explains that heartburn in pregnancy is more likely due to hormonal changes, particularly increased progesterone, which can relax the valve between the stomach and esophagus. The added pressure on the abdomen and pelvis as the baby grows also contributes to heartburn.

Myth 5: Taking antacids regularly is helpful

While antacids can provide quick relief, taking them too often can backfire. Dr. Schopis warns that excessive use of antacids can lead to "rebound acid," where the body produces more acid to compensate for the reduced acid in the stomach. This creates a vicious cycle of increased acid production, more reflux, and more antacid use. It’s important not to rely on antacids too frequently.

To avoid heartburn during meals, consider these preventive measures: avoid overeating, take your time while eating, include ginger and high-fiber foods in your diet, steer clear of known food triggers, stay upright for at least 90 minutes after eating, and sleep on an incline. If you experience frequent heartburn, consult your healthcare provider for appropriate treatment options.